Jacob prepares to meet Esau

Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau

     “As Jacob went on his way, some angels met him. 2 When he saw them, he said, "This is God's camp"; so he named the place Mahanaim. 3 Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in the country of Edom. 4 He instructed them to say: "I, Jacob, your obedient servant, report to my master Esau that I have been staying with Laban and that I have delayed my return until now. 5 I own cattle, donkeys, sheep, goats, and slaves. I am sending you word, sir, in the hope of gaining your favor."  Gen 32:1-5 (TEV)

     “32:1 God assured Jacob of his protection at a time when Jacob most needed such consolation. His journey was both a physical return to his homeland and a spiritual return to the land of God's promised blessing. God protects his people and fulfills his plan.

     32:2 This is God's camp! Jacob must have seen the angels that revealed God's presence as a sign of protection, as with the earlier vision when he was departing the land (28:10-22). • Mahanaim means "two camps." Jacob's company and the company of angels were together in one place.”  —NLT Study Bible

     “Then Jacob prayed, "God of my grandfather Abraham and God of my father Isaac, hear me! You told me, Lord, to go back to my land and to my relatives, and you would make everything go well for me. 10 I am not worth all the kindness and faithfulness that you have shown me, your servant. I crossed the Jordan with nothing but a walking stick, and now I have come back with these two groups. 11 Save me, I pray, from my brother Esau. I am afraid—afraid that he is coming to attack us and destroy us all, even the women and children. 12 Remember that you promised to make everything go well for me and to give me more descendants than anyone could count, as many as the grains of sand along the seashore."

Gen 32:9-12 (TEV)

     “32:9-12 Jacob's prayer is a wonderful example of how to address God. He based his appeal on God's will, reminding God of his relationship with him, his command for him to return to the land, and his promise (32:9). He had a correct attitude of genuine humility and total dependence on God (32:10). Finally, he asked that God rescue him from his brother, and he repeated God's promises (see 22:17).”

—NLT Study Bible

     Jacob Wrestles at Peniel

     “That same night Jacob got up, took his two wives, his two concubines, and his eleven children, and crossed the Jabbok River. 23 After he had sent them across, he also sent across all that he owned, 24 but he stayed behind, alone. Then a man came and wrestled with him until just before daybreak. 25 When the man saw that he was not winning the struggle, he hit Jacob on the hip, and it was thrown out of joint. 26 The man said, "Let me go; daylight is coming." "I won't, unless you bless me," Jacob answered. 27 "What is your name?" the man asked. "Jacob," he answered. 28 The man said, "Your name will no longer be Jacob. You have struggled with God and with men, and you have won; so your name will be Israel." 29 Jacob said, "Now tell me your name." But he answered, "Why do you want to know my name?" Then he blessed Jacob. 30 Jacob said, "I have seen God face-to-face, and I am still alive"; so he named the place Peniel. 31 The sun rose as Jacob was leaving Peniel, and he was limping because of his hip. 32 Even today the descendants of Israel do not eat the muscle which is on the hip joint, because it was on this muscle that Jacob was hit.”  Gen 32:22-32 (TEV)

     “32:24 a man came: The narrative unfolds as the event did for Jacob. No details are given about the assailant, who later refused to identify himself (32:29). • until the dawn: The darkness fit Jacob's situation and increased the fear and uncertainty that seized him. In the darkness he had no idea who it was—it might have been one of Esau's men, or Laban's.

     32:25 he touched Jacob's hip and wrenched it out of its socket: Jacob, the deceitful fighter, could fight no more. When his assailant fought him as man to man, Jacob could hold his own. But like so many of his own rivals, he had now more than met his match.

     32:26 At daybreak, the significance of this fight began to dawn on Jacob. He realized who his assailant was, and since it was futile to fight, he held on to obtain God's blessing.

     32:27 What is your name? The Lord's question was really about Jacob's character, not his identity (cp. 3:9; 4:9). By giving his name, Jacob confessed his nature, his way of doing things as "Heel-grabber, Deceiver, Usurper." Before God would bless him, he had to acknowledge who he was, and then God would change his identity.

     32:28 Jacob sounds like the Hebrew words for "heel" and "deceiver." Israel means "God fights." God first had to fight with him, but now God would fight for him. Jacob's name was thus full of promise for Jacob and his descendants. • you have fought with God and with men: Through his entire life, Jacob had been seizing God's blessing by his own abilities and by any means possible. Jacob knew the importance of the blessing, but he was too self-sufficient and proud to let the blessing be given to him. He had been fighting God long before this encounter. • and have won: He had prevailed in his struggles with Esau and with Laban; now he prevailed in obtaining God's blessing.

     32:29 Jacob knew who was with him (32:30); the request was his attempt to regain some control. God would not reveal his name, which cannot be had on demand.

     32:30 Peniel (which means "face of God"): The name shows that Jacob recognized the man as a manifestation of God (a theophany). • yet my life has been spared (or and I have been rescued): The saying probably meant that Jacob realized that his prayer to be rescued from Esau (32:11) had been answered, for if he could meet God like this and walk away, he had nothing to fear from Esau. The saying may also reflect an ancient understanding that no one could see God and live (see Exod 33:20).”  —NLT Study Bible

     No one could see God and live.

     “The Lord said to Moses, "I will do just as you have asked, because I know you very well and I am pleased with you." 18 Then Moses requested, "Please, let me see the dazzling light of your presence." 19 The Lord answered, "I will make all my splendor pass before you and in your presence I will pronounce my sacred name. I am the Lord, and I show compassion and pity on those I choose. 20 I will not let you see my face, because no one can see me and stay alive, 21 but here is a place beside me where you can stand on a rock. 22 When the dazzling light of my presence passes by, I will put you in an opening in the rock and cover you with my hand until I have passed by. 23 Then I will take my hand away, and you will see my back but not my face."  Ex 33:17-23 (TEV)

     “33:18 Moses asked for confirmation of God's promises. He asked to see God's glorious presence (literally glory). He was asking for an experience of seeing the very essence of God (see note on 16:7).

     33:19 In his positive reply, God subtly changed the terms. He would grant Moses a glorious experience, but he would not show Moses his face. Rather, he would show him his goodness and express his character (my name), marked above all by mercy and compassion (see Rom 9:14-16). • Yahweh: (Jehovah, KJV) See note on 3:15. Here God is emphasizing his own personal name.

     33:20-23 God longs to show us his character, but to see his face (his essence) and his glorious presence (33:22) would be to die. Moses was permitted a glimpse of that, but nothing more.”  —NLT Study Bible

     “The Law was carved in letters on stone tablets, and God's glory appeared when it was given. Even though the brightness on Moses' face was fading, it was so strong that the people of Israel could not keep their eyes fixed on him. If the Law, which brings death when it is in force, came with such glory, 8 how much greater is the glory that belongs to the activity of the Spirit!”  2 Cor 3:7-8 (TEV)

     “Shall we say, then, that God is unjust? Not at all. 15 For he said to Moses, "I will have mercy on anyone I wish; I will take pity on anyone I wish." 16 So then, everything depends, not on what we humans want or do, but only on God's mercy. 17 For the scripture says to the king of Egypt, "I made you king in order to use you to show my power and to spread my fame over the whole world." 18 So then, God has mercy on anyone he wishes, and he makes stubborn anyone he wishes.”

Romans 9:14-18 (TEV)

     Jacob Meets Esau

     “Jacob saw Esau coming with his four hundred men, so he divided the children among Leah, Rachel, and the two concubines. 2 He put the concubines and their children first, then Leah and her children, and finally Rachel and Joseph at the rear. 3 Jacob went ahead of them and bowed down to the ground seven times as he approached his brother.”

Gen 33:1-3 (TEV)

     “33:1-2 Jacob's identity had been changed (32:27-28), but he had not yet learned to live up to the new name; he still showed the favoritism that divides families. He lined up his family and his possessions in the order of their importance to him, with the slave wives and their children in front (to face danger first), Leah's group behind them, and Rachel and Joseph in the back, where it was safest.” —NLT Study Bible

     But Esau ran to meet him, threw his arms around him, and kissed him. They were both crying. 5 When Esau looked around and saw the women and the children, he asked, "Who are these people with you?" "These, sir, are the children whom God has been good enough to give me," Jacob answered. 6 Then the concubines came up with their children and bowed down; 7 then Leah and her children came, and last of all Joseph and Rachel came and bowed down.”  Gen 33:4-7 (TEV)

     “33:3-13 Even though Jacob had nothing to fear, he was afraid and tried to appease his brother. He assumed the role of a servant before royalty by bowing (33:3), using an honorific title (33:8, 13), making introductions (33:6-7), and presenting gifts (33:8).” —NLT Study Bible

     “33:4 Esau's friendly greeting was an answer to prayer (32:11). God had rescued Jacob from Esau's revenge.

     33:5 your servant: In talking with his brother, Jacob continued to refer to himself as Esau's servant (also 33:14) and to Esau as his lord (33:8, 13-15); Esau called Jacob "my brother" (33:9). Jacob was cautiously warding off any possible retaliation by reversing the words of the oracle (25:23).

     33:7 Among Jacob's sons, only Joseph is named; he was Jacob's favorite son and the recipient of the blessing.

     33:10 Jacob knew that Esau's friendly greeting was God's work, secured at Peniel when he saw God face to face.”

—NLT Study Bible

     “Esau asked, "What about that other group I met? What did that mean?" Jacob answered, "It was to gain your favor." 9 But Esau said, "I have enough, my brother; keep what you have." 10 Jacob said, "No, please, if I have gained your favor, accept my gift. To see your face is for me like seeing the face of God, now that you have been so friendly to me. 11 Please accept this gift which I have brought for you; God has been kind to me and given me everything I need." Jacob kept on urging him until he accepted.”  Gen 33:8-11 (TEV)

     “33:11 this gift I have brought you (literally my blessing): Jacob perceived Esau as a threat and tried to appease him with a gift (cp. 2 Kgs 17:3-4; 18:7, 14; 2 Chr 28:21), perhaps in a guilty attempt to undo the past. Jacob would not take no for an answer.”  —NLT Study Bible

     “Esau said, "Let's get ready and leave. I will go ahead of you." 13 Jacob answered, "You know that the children are weak, and I must think of the sheep and livestock with their young. If they are driven hard for even one day, the whole herd will die. 14 Please go on ahead of me, and I will follow slowly, going as fast as I can with the livestock and the children until I catch up with you in Edom." 15 Esau said, "Then let me leave some of my men with you." But Jacob answered, "There is no need for that for I only want to gain your favor." 16 So that day Esau started on his way back to Edom. 17 But Jacob went to Sukkoth, where he built a house for himself and shelters for his livestock. That is why the place was named Sukkoth.”  Gen 33:12-17 (TEV)

     33:12-15 Despite Esau's apparent magnanimity, Jacob was wary and cleverly avoided traveling with his brother. • I will meet you at Seir: Jacob's lie manifests his old character, living by deception rather than by faith.

33:16-17 Instead of following Esau south to Seir as promised, Jacob again deceived his brother, then headed in the opposite direction to Succoth, east of the Jordan River and north of the Jabbok.”  —NLT Study Bible